The Rise and Fall of Printing > The Rise and Fall of the Fourth Section of Toppan Printing
Letterpress printing is the oldest type of printing in several printing methods. In the history of printing in contemporary China for several decades, the letterpress printing experienced a tortuous path from small to rich, reaching peak and then declining.
Printing> Flat and Flat Press
The flat-press type printing press has a relatively simple structure and is small in size. The plate table of the printing plate is flat, and the platen on which the paper is placed is also flat, for example, a disc machine, a square box machine, etc. Type collectively referred to as flat presses.
In the fifties, flat presses accounted for an absolute majority in number. Due to the small size of this type of machine platen, it is generally only possible to print parts with less than four openings, which is not suitable for printing large-format prints such as books, newspapers, and periodicals. It is also because of its small size, simple structure, and slow printing speed. Most of them use artificial paper feeding methods. The printing plate station is fixed during printing, and the platen is one for the printing plate station. When the platen is opened, the operator sees the hand quickly, and the left hand quickly takes out the printed sheet from the platen, and the right hand quickly puts the sheet to be printed into the rule frame of the platen. When the pressure plate and the platen are pressed together, the ink is transferred from the plate to the paper to complete one printing. Repeat this operation later and again.
Do not look at this kind of printing method. The printing speed is slow, but its printing pressure is large, and the time for which the platen presses on the platen is longer, so the printed ink is fuller, the print is clearer, and the printing quality is better. It is also its advantage. In the case of letterpress printing, such small flat presses have always occupied a certain market.
With the advancement of technology and technological innovation, the flat presses for manual feeders have gradually been replaced by flat presses for automatic paper feeding. People call this horizontal platform automatic paper feed printing press "horizontal flying", and the vertical platform automatic paper feed printing press is called "Lifei". Until the 1980s, such flat presses were also commonly used by printers. In the field of packaging and printing, flat and flat printing is the main printing method for printing various types of trademarks, brochures, packaging cartons and other small pieces of printed matter. In the field of book printing, it is the main printing method for printing book covers, color inserts, and fine prints.
Printing> Second, round flat printing
For large-format printing such as books and newspapers, large-format Taiwanese flattening presses are used. The platen is still flat, but the imprinting device is roller type. When the impression cylinder holds the paper while it is rolling on the platen, it contacts the platen and applies pressure, so that the ink on the plate is transferred to the paper and the printing is completed. For example, a flatbed press, a two-turn (previously known as the MiLi machine) press, etc., if the flat-platen printing platen is press-contacted with the platen, then the platen-printing platen with the same plateau is Line contact pressure. Obviously, because the circular pressure printing presses in the rolling, the pressing time is shorter than the flat pressing, and its printing speed is certainly faster.
Before the 1950s, due to the limited capacity of China's own production of printing machinery, the number of round-press flat printing presses owned by printing houses was very small. According to statistics from 1950, only about 1,200 sets of circular presses have been used in the country's six major administrative regions, mainly for printing books and periodicals. In order to meet the needs of the publishing and printing industry, in the early 1950s, the Shanghai People’s Iron Factory produced a two-rotation letterpress printer. Since then, this kind of machine has begun to equip a large number of books and printing houses. From the 1950s to the mid-1960s, along with the development of the book printing industry, circular presses, especially the two-pass rotary printing machines for automatic paper feeding, have been the main models of letterpress printing in book printing.
Printing> Third, circular press circular printing
From the history of the development of letterpress printing presses, it started from flattening, flattened to the circle, and further developed into a circle. The printing speed has also evolved from low to medium speeds to high speeds.
Circular press circular printing, commonly known as rotary printing. The plate cylinder is round and the impression cylinder is also round. During printing, the impression cylinder grips the paper and rolls relative to the plate cylinder. During the rolling, the ink on the printing plate is transferred to the paper to complete the printing. For example, single-sided rotary printing presses, double-sided rotary printing presses, web rotary printing presses and newspaper high-speed rotary printing presses.
Flat press type, round press type These two types of presses are used for reciprocating motion during printing. At the end of each trip, the speed of the platen is reduced to zero, and the speed of the next trip starts from zero again. Due to the huge movement inertia of the platen, the speed of the machine is limited. The feature of round press circle is that in printing, both the plate cylinder and the impression cylinder rotate in a circular motion, which can greatly increase the running speed of the machine. The flattening printing speed is generally between 1000 and 2000. When the round flat printing speed is generally between 2000 and 3000, and the round printing speed can reach 15,000, it is almost round flat printing speed. 5 times. The increase in printing speed is based on the premise of the automation of the machine. Without exception, all round press rotary presses use automatic paper feeding and delivery mechanisms, which greatly increase the level of automation.
Since the 1970s, with the ever-increasing circulation of books, newspapers, and newspapers, large-scale books, newspapers, and newspaper printing plants have been increasingly equipped with rotary presses, making them the main models for printing books and newspapers.
Round press rotary rotary press is divided into two types according to its paper feeding mode: sheet-fed rotary press and web-fed rotary press: sheet-fed rotary press, generally used for large-volume books and periodicals; web rotary printing Machines, generally used for printing newspapers and books. Sheet-fed rotary presses are subdivided into single-sided rotary presses and double-sided rotary presses. The web printing press is divided into two types: book printing and newspaper printing. The latter is also known as newspaper high-speed rotary printing press, and the printing speed can reach more than 20,000 printing hours.
After the sheet-fed rotary press has been printed, it will be folded separately. The web press enters a web, which must be cut into individual sheets after printing. Therefore, the web rotary printing press is generally provided with a broken sheet folding device, and the final output is a folded signature.
The printing press grows from small to large and fades from high to low.
"Warring States policy Qinqisan" cloud: "If you move from day to day, you will lose when you are full, and if you are full, you will lose." It means that in the course of development, things have not been prosperous even if they have reached a peak. The path taken by Toppan Printing for more than 40 years also illustrates this principle.
In the fifties, the number of small and medium-sized flat presses in letterpress printing occupies an absolute majority. At that time, the number of large and medium-sized books and periodicals and newspaper printing factories was still small. For most small-scale printing companies, simple and small flat-press printing machines were more suitable. Since the 1960s, with the development of the printing industry, circular flattening medium-size letterpress printing machines are playing a more and more important role in large-scale book printing factories. In fact, the development of the letterpress printing industry is mainly the printing of books and periodicals. In order to meet the needs of printing and publishing of books, in the mid-1970s, large-scale books and periodicals printing plants successively used round-pressed book printing machines to make the main models of printing. It goes one step further. At the same time, newspaper printing has also gradually used a web-press rotary press.
From the fifties to the seventies, letterpress printing dominated the entire printing industry. By the mid-1980s, Letterpress had not only grown to high speed, large-scale, automated, but also accounted for two-thirds of the quantity. However, the material prosperity is declining. Since the mid-1980s, with the transformation of printing from book printing to plain printing, letterpress printing has begun to decline from a grand occasion in the entire printing industry. By 1995, the proportion of letterpress printing in book printing declined to 10%, as shown in Table 23-3.
5. What has been the cause of the decline of letterpress printing for more than 40 years? The reasons for the change from letterpress printing to letterpress printing? There are both internal and objective externalities.
Table 23-3 Percent Statistics of Toppan Printing Production in Print and Book Printing in the Past 40 Years
Year Letterpress, lithographic Total Print Production (Millions of Letters) Letterpress Production (Wanling) Lithographic Yield (Million Color Order) Letterpress Production Percentage of Total Production (%) 19492013765195745325619757196591647244451.51975157778679149.819782017106395452.7198028241461136351.$(function(){ $("#article img").attr("style","display: block;margin: 0 auto;"); })
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