ã€Abstract】In addition to the general function of general merchandise packaging, military packaging also has the special function of preventing enemy detection and detection to avoid being hit. Stealth technology is a “trump card technology†that has achieved a major breakthrough in military technology since World War II, and uses stealth materials. The use of stealth technology for stealth packaging of military products is of special importance. Countries around the world, especially the developed countries in the United States and Europe, have invested a lot of funds in research and development, and have developed a series of stealth weapons and equipment and protective equipment such as stealth aircraft, stealth ships, stealth missiles, stealth tanks, and stealth combat suits. The future development of stealth packaging should be devoted to the development of multiple stealth functions, expanding the scope of application and reducing stealth costs.
ã€Keywords】 Stealthy Stealth Technology Stealth Materials Military Packaging With the deepening of people's understanding and understanding of packaging, the research on packaging has become more and more important and more in-depth, and promotes the continuous development and maturity of packaging technology, packaging involves The field is increasingly expanding. The objects of packaging are expanded from general merchandise to various materials and equipment, including military products. Even people themselves and other things are also objects of packaging. Modern packaging is all-encompassing and the breadth of applications There have been some new situations in depth and depth. The stealth packaging of military products is a new area worth exploring. Nowadays, stealth packaging technology has begun to be applied to all major fields and aspects of military equipment, field foods, medicines, fuels, barracks, and ordnance equipment. Stealth-packed aircraft, missiles, ships, and tanks have been seldom seen, even Even the soldiers themselves are engaged in stealth packaging - stealth combat performance has been constantly improved all kinds of stealth combat clothing has begun to equip troops.
First, Stealth and Stealth Technology Stealth packaging technology began with the design of the Winged Jet Tester by the Germans in the Second World War and the use of absorbing materials for the first time on submarines. After more than half a century of research and development, it has finally become a fantasy. reality. The so-called "stealth" means that the "eyes" are not easy to see, identify and follow. The "eyes" here include radar, optical, electrical, and acoustic detectors and other modern devices. Stealth technology, also known as stealth technology or low detectability technology, includes techniques for reducing the radar, infrared, visible light, sound, and other signal characteristics of targets such as weaponry. Corresponding to radar, infrared, electronic, visible light, and acoustic wave detection systems on the modern battlefield, stealth technologies include radar stealth, infrared stealth, electronic stealth, visible light stealth, and acoustic stealth technology.
Second, the significance of stealth packaging military products Military stealth packaging technology is developed with the development of weapons and equipment. In modern warfare, various types of reconnaissance, sighting, and detection systems such as radars, infrared night-vision goggles, laser detectors, etc., are increasingly increasing, and their performance is increasingly perfected, so that ordinary non-stealth weapon equipment and soldiers are attacked by the enemy. The possibility of discovery is increasing and security is greatly reduced. To increase the viability of equipment and personnel on the battlefield, the most important thing is to reduce the probability of being detected, discovered and attacked. Stealthy packaging technology has emerged. Applying it to military packaging has become an important part of the arms race in various countries.
The purpose of stealth packaging is summarized. One is to "save yourself" and the other is to "eliminate the enemy." The so-called “save yourself†means that the stealth packaging technology is used to hide the radar characteristics of electronic devices, the infrared features of heating devices are hidden, and the noise characteristics of vibration devices are hidden, making it difficult for enemy reconnaissance and detection systems to detect our weapons and equipment. Even ground targets such as personnel and weapons distribution centers, airports, ports, and command centers use camouflage techniques to disguise or obscure them, so that the detectability of our personnel and facilities targets can be reduced without being detected and attacked by the enemy. For example, Armed helicopters painted with camouflage colors such as grass green and khaki are submerged in the background when they fly at low altitudes over trees, grasslands and deserts. They can be blinded by fighter planes or attack aircraft flying over it. Just like a protected animal, its color is similar to the surrounding environment, and is not as easy to be found by its natural enemies. According to statistics, the probability of discovering a protected helicopter is only 15%. Dada is a special embodiment of the general product packaging protection function on military packaging. In addition to the protection function of military packaging, it has the functions of ordinary products such as anti-vibration, anti-impact, moisture-proof, anti-mildew, anti-corrosion, anti-magnetic, anti-radiation and other natural factors. In addition, it is more important to prevent the enemy from finding and striking. Stealth, as a particularly effective weapon of war against counter-military reconnaissance, can effectively reduce the reconnaissance effectiveness of enemy reconnaissance equipment and the hit rate of weapon attacks, thereby avoiding or reducing the loss of personnel and equipment.
The so-called "destroying the enemy" means effectively attacking and destroying the enemy in defense. Stealth packaged stealth weapons and equipment in addition to improved survival, but also has a strong offensive capabilities, which is mainly reflected in the improvement of offensive non-stealth weapons and equipment survival and combat effectiveness. Because the enemy makes a wrong decision and puts it into practice through stealth, the enemy will be caught off guard in the face of a catastrophic sudden blow, and the invisibility will make the enemy paralyzed and have an immeasurable impact on our victory. France's "Lafitte" class frigate, Israel's "Saar" class light frigate, Germany's F-125 multipurpose frigate, Sweden's "Visby" class frigate, Britain's "Sea Ghost" frigate and the United States's DD21 Destroyers These stealth ships put into the sea battlefield, so that the radar scattering area, infrared characteristics, noise, magnetic field, visible light target characteristics of the offensive ship are much lower than the ordinary battleships, and can be attacked and prepared, hitting each other by surprise. This function is not available in ordinary product packaging, but only special features that military packaging has.
Third, stealth packaging materials Stealth packaging First of all, from the military packaging materials to start, the current stealth packaging materials have been developed and used are radar stealth materials, infrared stealth materials, electronic stealth materials, visible stealth materials and sonic stealth materials.
1. Radar Stealth Materials There are usually two types of Radar Absorbers and Radar Transmissive Materials. The most widely used is radar absorbing materials. According to the method of use, it is divided into two types: coating type and structure type. The paint-type wave-absorbing material is used for stealthy packaging of military products by coating on military surfaces. High-performance magnetic-energy-absorbing wave-absorbing materials and Schiff base salts are used. Structural stealth materials are mainly dielectric-energy-absorbing wave-absorbing materials used in the manufacture of fuselage, wing, and missile shells. When they are installed, they integrate the stealth packaging materials and equipment. The latest generation of Russian stealth Fighter S-37 "Golden Eagle", widely used advanced materials, the body is painted radar wave absorbing material, has a good stealth performance. The "Sea Soul" stealth frigate, which was exhibited by the United Kingdom at the European Navy Exhibition in Paris in September 1996, was called "a real stealth ship." It considered almost all stealth features in stealth, including the ships. All critical parts are coated with wave absorbing material and wave-transparent material. France's "Lafitte" class frigate is the world's first operational frigate that fully integrates stealth performance in its design. In addition to the unique streamlined stealth shape design, all external equipment on the ship is concealed and concealed on board. Apply paint that absorbs radar. The United States will launch the "Future Combat System," a full-stealth tank that will be launched in 2015, and will also use a lot of composite materials and coatings that reflect low radar wave energy. According to a recent "Liberation Army Daily" report, a military defense unit of our military used a self-developed "light-weight radar-absorbing wave-absorbing gun craft" in a coastal defense confrontation exercise organized by a superior organization to enable the artillery to succeed in marching and standby. Escaped the enemy reconnaissance surveillance system. This material, which effectively absorbs and weakens radar energy, can be painted on cloth to make a gun coat, or it can be applied directly to the body.
2. There are two kinds of infrared stealth materials, one is a metal-asbestos-metal sandwich material, which is used as the lining of aircraft engines for heat insulation to prevent engine heat from being transmitted to the airframe and reduce the infrared characteristics of the aircraft; the other is Infrared Stealth Coating, which incorporates thermal and infrared-resistant components that suppress surface temperature and resist infrared radiation. France's "Lafitte" class frigates use a special low-emission coating, and use thicker temperature jackets to pack smoke windows to reduce smoke and cooling emissions, greatly improving the infrared stealth performance. In the above-mentioned confrontation exercises, the "Blue Army" radar reconnaissance discovered that in the landing area, except for the simple fishermen's houses and fishing boats scattered on the beach, there was no "Red Army" shore artillery fire spot, and a landing beach landing order was issued. When the landing ships landed less than 1,000 meters away from the shore, those temporary houses and fishing boats became powerful points, and the "Blue Army" ships were devastated. It turned out that the "Red Army" used three-order boards, foam boards, and paints of different colors to combine different shapes of houses, fishing boats, and other deformed molds. The paint used on the exterior can effectively prevent the reconnaissance of the optical equipment. The plywood and the foam have the heat insulation function to better isolate the radiation of the heat energy from the gun and achieve the effect of preventing infrared reconnaissance. Covering these molds on artillery can effectively prevent enemy reconnaissance and strike.
3. The electronic stealth material is a material that can help reduce outward radiated electromagnetic energy. It includes optical cables used to replace cables connecting various electronic devices and special materials and coatings that shield electronic equipment. The US Department of Defense’s newly built “mobile electronic security tent†for the purpose of improving the electronic surveillance and protection capabilities of mobile military bases employs a metal fiber, a polyester plain fabric with a metal-plated substrate on the outside of the fiber, which effectively shields it. Radio waves propagate outward.
4. Visible stealth materials mainly include camouflage paints and camouflage nets. A coating that is currently under development can change its brightness and chromaticity as the ambient brightness changes, and can ensure that the military product and the background are in a consistent state at any time, while reducing the contrast characteristics to achieve the control of the visual signal. Camouflage mesh surface is woven with a variety of pseudo-decorative objects, and packaging it with military products can also achieve good integration with the surrounding background.
5, sound stealth materials are sound-absorbing materials and resistive materials two. The world’s quietest submarine—the US “Sea Wolf†class attack nuclear submarine, adopts a variety of advanced noise reduction technologies, including the laying of sound-absorbing materials on the inside of the housing and a large number of bulkheads, and noise-emitting devices. The special "packaging" - coupled with sound enclosures and mufflers - greatly reduces internal noise. In addition to the radar absorbing paint, the F-117A Stealth Fighter uses a variety of packaging techniques to eliminate or reduce noise. The noise of the engine is almost inaudible for hundreds of meters.
Fourth, stealth packaging technology Military stealth packaging function is achieved through the scientific and rational selection of stealth packaging materials and stealth packaging technology.
After the Second World War, stealth technology as one of the major breakthroughs in military technology was called "trump card technology." At that time, the United States, the Soviet Union, Japan, and Britain invested a lot of funds for research. Since the 1980s, stealth technology has developed and extended to high technology, especially in radar.
Stealth, infrared stealth, electronic stealth, visible light stealth and sonic stealth technology are progressing faster. At present, some developed countries in the United States and Europe have successively developed stealth fighter aircraft, stealth bombers, stealth reconnaissance aircraft, stealth helicopters, stealth cruise missiles, stealth artillery, stealth ships, stealth electronic equipment and stealth combat uniforms. equipment.
Russia has recently developed a new type of aircraft stealth technology that carries out a special “outer package†on the aircraft, that is, creating a special plasma around the aircraft, which reduces the discovery rate of the aircraft by more than 99%. When the electromagnetic waves of the enemy's detection equipment encounter the "outer package" of artificial plasma clouds around the aircraft, it acts on the charged particles of the plasma and transfers some of the energy to the charged particles, and its energy gradually decays. On this basis, Russia has developed a more advanced second-generation "outer packaging" system that not only attenuates the reflected signals, but also sends false signals to the enemy, making it difficult for the enemy to judge the speed and position of the aircraft. The use of water mist to "package" equipment is also a new stealth packaging technology. The unique water-spraying equipment of the British “Sea Soul†stealth battleship can produce fine water mist and “wrap†all the ships in a matter of seconds. The infrared radiation level and visible radiation of the water mist scattering ship make it difficult to be detected by infrared detection equipment and human eyes. The design of future US stealth tanks also uses this advanced water mist packaging
ã€Keywords】 Stealthy Stealth Technology Stealth Materials Military Packaging With the deepening of people's understanding and understanding of packaging, the research on packaging has become more and more important and more in-depth, and promotes the continuous development and maturity of packaging technology, packaging involves The field is increasingly expanding. The objects of packaging are expanded from general merchandise to various materials and equipment, including military products. Even people themselves and other things are also objects of packaging. Modern packaging is all-encompassing and the breadth of applications There have been some new situations in depth and depth. The stealth packaging of military products is a new area worth exploring. Nowadays, stealth packaging technology has begun to be applied to all major fields and aspects of military equipment, field foods, medicines, fuels, barracks, and ordnance equipment. Stealth-packed aircraft, missiles, ships, and tanks have been seldom seen, even Even the soldiers themselves are engaged in stealth packaging - stealth combat performance has been constantly improved all kinds of stealth combat clothing has begun to equip troops.
First, Stealth and Stealth Technology Stealth packaging technology began with the design of the Winged Jet Tester by the Germans in the Second World War and the use of absorbing materials for the first time on submarines. After more than half a century of research and development, it has finally become a fantasy. reality. The so-called "stealth" means that the "eyes" are not easy to see, identify and follow. The "eyes" here include radar, optical, electrical, and acoustic detectors and other modern devices. Stealth technology, also known as stealth technology or low detectability technology, includes techniques for reducing the radar, infrared, visible light, sound, and other signal characteristics of targets such as weaponry. Corresponding to radar, infrared, electronic, visible light, and acoustic wave detection systems on the modern battlefield, stealth technologies include radar stealth, infrared stealth, electronic stealth, visible light stealth, and acoustic stealth technology.
Second, the significance of stealth packaging military products Military stealth packaging technology is developed with the development of weapons and equipment. In modern warfare, various types of reconnaissance, sighting, and detection systems such as radars, infrared night-vision goggles, laser detectors, etc., are increasingly increasing, and their performance is increasingly perfected, so that ordinary non-stealth weapon equipment and soldiers are attacked by the enemy. The possibility of discovery is increasing and security is greatly reduced. To increase the viability of equipment and personnel on the battlefield, the most important thing is to reduce the probability of being detected, discovered and attacked. Stealthy packaging technology has emerged. Applying it to military packaging has become an important part of the arms race in various countries.
The purpose of stealth packaging is summarized. One is to "save yourself" and the other is to "eliminate the enemy." The so-called “save yourself†means that the stealth packaging technology is used to hide the radar characteristics of electronic devices, the infrared features of heating devices are hidden, and the noise characteristics of vibration devices are hidden, making it difficult for enemy reconnaissance and detection systems to detect our weapons and equipment. Even ground targets such as personnel and weapons distribution centers, airports, ports, and command centers use camouflage techniques to disguise or obscure them, so that the detectability of our personnel and facilities targets can be reduced without being detected and attacked by the enemy. For example, Armed helicopters painted with camouflage colors such as grass green and khaki are submerged in the background when they fly at low altitudes over trees, grasslands and deserts. They can be blinded by fighter planes or attack aircraft flying over it. Just like a protected animal, its color is similar to the surrounding environment, and is not as easy to be found by its natural enemies. According to statistics, the probability of discovering a protected helicopter is only 15%. Dada is a special embodiment of the general product packaging protection function on military packaging. In addition to the protection function of military packaging, it has the functions of ordinary products such as anti-vibration, anti-impact, moisture-proof, anti-mildew, anti-corrosion, anti-magnetic, anti-radiation and other natural factors. In addition, it is more important to prevent the enemy from finding and striking. Stealth, as a particularly effective weapon of war against counter-military reconnaissance, can effectively reduce the reconnaissance effectiveness of enemy reconnaissance equipment and the hit rate of weapon attacks, thereby avoiding or reducing the loss of personnel and equipment.
The so-called "destroying the enemy" means effectively attacking and destroying the enemy in defense. Stealth packaged stealth weapons and equipment in addition to improved survival, but also has a strong offensive capabilities, which is mainly reflected in the improvement of offensive non-stealth weapons and equipment survival and combat effectiveness. Because the enemy makes a wrong decision and puts it into practice through stealth, the enemy will be caught off guard in the face of a catastrophic sudden blow, and the invisibility will make the enemy paralyzed and have an immeasurable impact on our victory. France's "Lafitte" class frigate, Israel's "Saar" class light frigate, Germany's F-125 multipurpose frigate, Sweden's "Visby" class frigate, Britain's "Sea Ghost" frigate and the United States's DD21 Destroyers These stealth ships put into the sea battlefield, so that the radar scattering area, infrared characteristics, noise, magnetic field, visible light target characteristics of the offensive ship are much lower than the ordinary battleships, and can be attacked and prepared, hitting each other by surprise. This function is not available in ordinary product packaging, but only special features that military packaging has.
Third, stealth packaging materials Stealth packaging First of all, from the military packaging materials to start, the current stealth packaging materials have been developed and used are radar stealth materials, infrared stealth materials, electronic stealth materials, visible stealth materials and sonic stealth materials.
1. Radar Stealth Materials There are usually two types of Radar Absorbers and Radar Transmissive Materials. The most widely used is radar absorbing materials. According to the method of use, it is divided into two types: coating type and structure type. The paint-type wave-absorbing material is used for stealthy packaging of military products by coating on military surfaces. High-performance magnetic-energy-absorbing wave-absorbing materials and Schiff base salts are used. Structural stealth materials are mainly dielectric-energy-absorbing wave-absorbing materials used in the manufacture of fuselage, wing, and missile shells. When they are installed, they integrate the stealth packaging materials and equipment. The latest generation of Russian stealth Fighter S-37 "Golden Eagle", widely used advanced materials, the body is painted radar wave absorbing material, has a good stealth performance. The "Sea Soul" stealth frigate, which was exhibited by the United Kingdom at the European Navy Exhibition in Paris in September 1996, was called "a real stealth ship." It considered almost all stealth features in stealth, including the ships. All critical parts are coated with wave absorbing material and wave-transparent material. France's "Lafitte" class frigate is the world's first operational frigate that fully integrates stealth performance in its design. In addition to the unique streamlined stealth shape design, all external equipment on the ship is concealed and concealed on board. Apply paint that absorbs radar. The United States will launch the "Future Combat System," a full-stealth tank that will be launched in 2015, and will also use a lot of composite materials and coatings that reflect low radar wave energy. According to a recent "Liberation Army Daily" report, a military defense unit of our military used a self-developed "light-weight radar-absorbing wave-absorbing gun craft" in a coastal defense confrontation exercise organized by a superior organization to enable the artillery to succeed in marching and standby. Escaped the enemy reconnaissance surveillance system. This material, which effectively absorbs and weakens radar energy, can be painted on cloth to make a gun coat, or it can be applied directly to the body.
2. There are two kinds of infrared stealth materials, one is a metal-asbestos-metal sandwich material, which is used as the lining of aircraft engines for heat insulation to prevent engine heat from being transmitted to the airframe and reduce the infrared characteristics of the aircraft; the other is Infrared Stealth Coating, which incorporates thermal and infrared-resistant components that suppress surface temperature and resist infrared radiation. France's "Lafitte" class frigates use a special low-emission coating, and use thicker temperature jackets to pack smoke windows to reduce smoke and cooling emissions, greatly improving the infrared stealth performance. In the above-mentioned confrontation exercises, the "Blue Army" radar reconnaissance discovered that in the landing area, except for the simple fishermen's houses and fishing boats scattered on the beach, there was no "Red Army" shore artillery fire spot, and a landing beach landing order was issued. When the landing ships landed less than 1,000 meters away from the shore, those temporary houses and fishing boats became powerful points, and the "Blue Army" ships were devastated. It turned out that the "Red Army" used three-order boards, foam boards, and paints of different colors to combine different shapes of houses, fishing boats, and other deformed molds. The paint used on the exterior can effectively prevent the reconnaissance of the optical equipment. The plywood and the foam have the heat insulation function to better isolate the radiation of the heat energy from the gun and achieve the effect of preventing infrared reconnaissance. Covering these molds on artillery can effectively prevent enemy reconnaissance and strike.
3. The electronic stealth material is a material that can help reduce outward radiated electromagnetic energy. It includes optical cables used to replace cables connecting various electronic devices and special materials and coatings that shield electronic equipment. The US Department of Defense’s newly built “mobile electronic security tent†for the purpose of improving the electronic surveillance and protection capabilities of mobile military bases employs a metal fiber, a polyester plain fabric with a metal-plated substrate on the outside of the fiber, which effectively shields it. Radio waves propagate outward.
4. Visible stealth materials mainly include camouflage paints and camouflage nets. A coating that is currently under development can change its brightness and chromaticity as the ambient brightness changes, and can ensure that the military product and the background are in a consistent state at any time, while reducing the contrast characteristics to achieve the control of the visual signal. Camouflage mesh surface is woven with a variety of pseudo-decorative objects, and packaging it with military products can also achieve good integration with the surrounding background.
5, sound stealth materials are sound-absorbing materials and resistive materials two. The world’s quietest submarine—the US “Sea Wolf†class attack nuclear submarine, adopts a variety of advanced noise reduction technologies, including the laying of sound-absorbing materials on the inside of the housing and a large number of bulkheads, and noise-emitting devices. The special "packaging" - coupled with sound enclosures and mufflers - greatly reduces internal noise. In addition to the radar absorbing paint, the F-117A Stealth Fighter uses a variety of packaging techniques to eliminate or reduce noise. The noise of the engine is almost inaudible for hundreds of meters.
Fourth, stealth packaging technology Military stealth packaging function is achieved through the scientific and rational selection of stealth packaging materials and stealth packaging technology.
After the Second World War, stealth technology as one of the major breakthroughs in military technology was called "trump card technology." At that time, the United States, the Soviet Union, Japan, and Britain invested a lot of funds for research. Since the 1980s, stealth technology has developed and extended to high technology, especially in radar.
Stealth, infrared stealth, electronic stealth, visible light stealth and sonic stealth technology are progressing faster. At present, some developed countries in the United States and Europe have successively developed stealth fighter aircraft, stealth bombers, stealth reconnaissance aircraft, stealth helicopters, stealth cruise missiles, stealth artillery, stealth ships, stealth electronic equipment and stealth combat uniforms. equipment.
Russia has recently developed a new type of aircraft stealth technology that carries out a special “outer package†on the aircraft, that is, creating a special plasma around the aircraft, which reduces the discovery rate of the aircraft by more than 99%. When the electromagnetic waves of the enemy's detection equipment encounter the "outer package" of artificial plasma clouds around the aircraft, it acts on the charged particles of the plasma and transfers some of the energy to the charged particles, and its energy gradually decays. On this basis, Russia has developed a more advanced second-generation "outer packaging" system that not only attenuates the reflected signals, but also sends false signals to the enemy, making it difficult for the enemy to judge the speed and position of the aircraft. The use of water mist to "package" equipment is also a new stealth packaging technology. The unique water-spraying equipment of the British “Sea Soul†stealth battleship can produce fine water mist and “wrap†all the ships in a matter of seconds. The infrared radiation level and visible radiation of the water mist scattering ship make it difficult to be detected by infrared detection equipment and human eyes. The design of future US stealth tanks also uses this advanced water mist packaging
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