Recently, the three laboratories Duan Enkui, Han Chunsheng and Zhou Qi of the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences discovered a class of tRNA derived from tRNA that is abundant in mature sperm. Related research results were published in "Cell Research".
The discovery of RNA in mature sperm has made scientists realize that sperm is more than a carrier for transporting parental DNA. Past studies have confirmed that some miRNAs carried by mature sperm can affect early embryonic development and traits of offspring. However, it is unclear whether mature sperm also carry other types of small RNA than miRNA. In addition, little is known about the generation of various small RNAs and the enrichment process in mature sperm.
Duan Enkui, Han Chunsheng and Zhou Qi have collaborated to isolate high-purity mature sperm from the mouse epididymis tail. Through deep sequencing analysis of the small molecule RNA (18-40 nt), it was found that a large number of mature sperm exist A class of small RNA derived from tRNA. The length of this type of small RNA is mainly enriched in 29-34nt, similar to but different from the piRNA in the testis; sequence analysis found that this type of small RNA is derived from the 5 'end sequence of mature tRNA.
Based on the high enrichment of these small RNAs in mature sperm and their source of tRNA, the researchers named them mse-tsRNAs.
The content of mse-tsRNAs accounted for 67.54% of the total amount of mouse sperm small RNA sequencing, in contrast, the sum of all miRNAs in sperm accounted for only 4.61%. The expression levels of mse-tsRNAs increase rapidly from the late spermatogenesis or when they leave the testes (in the epididymis), which means that there are specific proteins responsible for their shearing and enrichment during this period. In mature sperm, mse-tsRNAs are enriched in the sperm head, indicating that it can enter the egg cell during fertilization.
Since tRNA is highly conservative in evolution, tse-derived mse-tsRNAs are also highly conserved in vertebrates, suggesting that it may be an ancient paternal source of information transmitted to egg cells during fertilization. The researchers said that studying the mechanism of mse-tsRNA generation / enrichment and its biological function will be the most important next step.
The research was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
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