The recently published "New England Journal of Medicine" reported that two studies have shown that test-tube babies are twice as likely to have serious physical defects and underweight as normal babies. Now more and more infertile couples hope to use regenerative medicine to help them become pregnant and give birth to their babies, and this discovery of scientists undoubtedly poured a pot of cold water on these infertile couples, which also caused them great attention. Some people are skeptical about this claim, but their reasons for objection do not seem to be very sufficient, because artificial insemination technology often causes twins or even multiple births, and this multiple birth phenomenon has a great risk.
Scientists working on these two studies say that even if the possibility of multiple births caused by artificial insemination is ruled out, single-tube babies are born with a high risk of being underweight or having defects. Because during artificial fertilization, the egg is temporarily removed from the female body, and then placed in a test tube and mixed with the sperm to make it combine, or the sperm is directly injected into the egg, external factors will affect the combination of sperm and egg .
The focus of the two research groups is different, one focuses on the physiological defects of test-tube babies at birth, and the other focuses on the underweight of test-tube babies at birth. Michelle Hanson, a scientist at the University of Western Australia who led the research team on the physiological defects of test-tube babies, said: "We found that babies who are pregnant through artificial fertilization, a reproductive method, are diagnosed with severe physiology within one year after birth The probability of a defect is twice as high as that of a naturally pregnant baby with severe physical defects. "
Australian researchers conducted a comparative evaluation of 837 babies born through the test-tube mixing method, 301 babies born through the sperm injection method, and 4,000 ordinary babies, and considered that some women were born at an older age and had more children , Gender of test-tube babies produced and other factors, the results found that test-tube babies have a higher proportion of congenital defects than ordinary babies.
In another study focusing on infant weight, the researchers compared 42,463 test-tube babies born in the United States between 1996 and 1997 with 4.3 million ordinary babies born in 1997. "Test tube babies are born with 2.6 times less weight than ordinary babies," said Laura Schaefer, a medical expert at the Atlanta Centers for Disease Control and Prevention who led the study. Underweight newborns are very May cause complications. He added that "the mortality rate of underweight infants at birth is higher than that of ordinary babies, and they will suffer from long-term dysplasia." Although test-tube babies accounted for only 0.6% of babies under 10 years of age born before 1997, researchers found that test-tube babies accounted for 7.8% of babies born underweight during that period! Dr. Alan Mitchell of the School of Public Health at Boston University said that if this new finding is accurate, then single-tube test-tube babies may be born with only 94% of the weight of normal pregnant babies without serious physiology Defective twin test-tube babies may weigh only 91% of normal babies.
Scientists do not know the answer to what causes birth defects or underweight in test-tube babies. Researchers in the Australian research team believe that the underlying causes may be infertility and drugs used for IVF experiments, or other factors related to the process of artificial insemination such as embryo freezing and thawing, which may cause the baby to be born With defects.
The research team led by Schafer found that after the artificial fertilization embryos of infertile couples were implanted into other female uterus development, the fetus will not be underweight at birth, which may indicate that the test tube baby is underweight and infertile Symptom, not test tube baby technology. Researchers from this research team also found that twin test-tube babies were born with the same proportion of underweight as naturally fertilized twins.
These scientists believe that the fact that even single-tube babies who are not premature babies will be underweight at birth indicates that their underweight may be directly related to the method of treating infertility. But this is only one possibility, and the cause of the underweight of test-tube babies remains a mystery.
Dr. Mitchell believes that the results of the study do not prove that the risk of congenital defects or underweight in test-tube babies is related to women ’s infertility, drug use and drug withdrawal processes, but for infertile couples who expect to become pregnant through regenerative medicine , Maybe the difference in weight does not matter much, there is no need to worry too much about it
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