Scientists achieve complete reconstruction of small retinas
Recently, German and American scientists have taken an important step in the field of human brain research: they completely reconstructed a small retina, including not only all neurons, but also the connections between them. Related research results were published in the journal Nature.
The human brain has nearly 100 billion neurons, and each neuron has hundreds of thousands of connections with other connected cells. Scientists have long suspected that human feelings, thoughts, and memories are stored in these connections. The German Max Planck Institute and researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have taken an important step in deciphering the mysteries of these connections. They obtained the data of a mouse retina by scanning with an electron microscope, and then after 4 years of analysis, established an accurate three-dimensional map that can show all the neurons in the mouse retina and their connections, the so-called brain Functional linkage map.
Through the complete reconstruction of this small retina, scientists have discovered a previously unknown cell type, which belongs to bipolar cells, but its function is unclear. In addition, some connection patterns that can explain the response of cells to stimuli have been discovered. Although the side length of this small retinal square is only one tenth of a millimeter, accounting for only 0.1% of the mouse retina, it already contains about 950 neurons and about 500,000 connections.
Since the current computer-aided analysis is not perfect, the analysis of the bifurcation and connection of neurons in the image still needs to be completed manually, so the cost of electron microscope image analysis of brain tissue is very high. Scientists at the Max Planck Institute only took about a month to get the scan data, but it took four years to analyze the data. If the same method is used to analyze neurons in the entire mouse brain, it is estimated that billions of hours of labor are required.
Professor Winfried Denker of the Max Planck Institute for Research Medicine stated that their goal is to analyze and understand the brain function connection map of the entire mouse brain. The "serial block surface" electron microscope they used can scan the three-dimensional data of the entire rat brain in one or two years, but the entire brain is 200,000 times larger than the analyzed retinal square, and how to reconstruct a large number of tissue images in three dimensions Still a problem. They thought of a way: Perhaps online netizens could be used to engage global netizens in this work, and use the data of online players to better develop computer-aided analysis algorithms. Scientists achieve complete reconstruction of small retinas
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