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Recently, scientists have found a special natural product from over 4,500 plant extracts, confirming its ability to inhibit HIV replication, and is superior to the first anti-AIDS drug zidovudine (AZT) marketed in 1987. This surprising compound, patentiflorin A, is derived from a plant in Southeast Asia that is commonly used to treat arthritis and rheumatism.
Plants often contain unexpected surprises. On June 14, the Journal of Natural Products published an article entitled "Potent Inhibitor of Drug-Resistant HIV-1 Strains Identified from the Medicinal Plant Justicia gendarussa", revealing a natural product derived from plants in Southeast Asia. Have the potential to fight AIDS.
The discovery was one of many years of collaboration between the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), the Hong Kong Baptist University and the Vietnamese Academy of Sciences. They are trying to find natural products that are expected to be used in the health and medical fields. The main leaders include Lijun Rong, a professor of microbiology and immunology at the medical school, an expert in the development of antiviral drugs, and deputy director of the World Health Organization's traditional medicine program. Pharmacologist Harry Fong; Doel Soejarto, professor of medicinal chemistry at UIC Medical School, a famous botanist.
Natural product extracted from small ribs
More than 10 years ago, Professor Soejarto collected a small rib (Justicia gendarussa), a plant used to treat arthritis and rheumatism, in the Cuc Phuong National Park in Hanoi, Vietnam. Scientists have in-depth analysis of its roots, stems, and leaf extracts to find new drugs that fight AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and cancer.
In the end, the team discovered patentiflorin A, which confirmed its ability to inhibit reverse transcriptase activity, a key enzyme that regulates the integration of HIV genetic material into host DNA.
Antiviral effect is better than the first anti-AIDS drug AZT
Zidovudine, AZT, the first anti-AIDS drug approved in 1987, is still the "cornerstone" of antiviral cocktail therapy. AZT prevents HIV replication by inhibiting reverse transcriptase activity. Reverse transcriptase is responsible for the reverse transcription process of viral RNA, thereby ensuring that viral genetic material can be inserted into the host genome.
Now, the research team confirmed that human fectivarinin A inhibits reverse transcriptase more strongly by using human cells infected with HIV.
Professor Rong said: "patentiflorin A is able to inhibit reverse transcriptase activity and is superior to AZT. It plays a role in the initial stage of HIV infection, that is, when the virus enters macrophages." Meanwhile, patentiflorin A is resistant. Sexual HIV is equally effective.
These properties give patentiflorin A the potential to be an anti-HIV candidate. "patentiflorin A is expected to be a new type of anti-AIDS drug that can be counted in cocktail therapy to increase the ability to prevent and inhibit the virus," the researchers emphasize.
Scientists can also synthesize patentiflorin A. Professor Rong believes: "If we can synthesize this compound in the laboratory, then we do not need to plant and treat plants specifically, thus controlling the cost of drugs and capital investment, and reducing the impact on the environment and ecology."
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