Prepress work refers to the preliminary work of the printing process, including typographic imposition, color separation scanning and so on. The key to its work lies in the mastery of the software used in the pre-press work of the computer, the basic workflow of the printing process, and the good graphics and image processing capabilities.
At present, there is a serious problem in pre-press operations in China: pre-press operators are basically not printing professionals; students from printing colleges basically do not know much about pre-press work. This creates a contradiction: how to handle the combination of desktop system operation and printing expertise.
For designers who want to move from the computer graphic design industry to prepress jobs, the first task is to control the printing expertise at all times after working in prepress, otherwise it is very likely that they will not be able to work.
In order to help some designers who are new to the pre-press production industry, I will briefly summarize some of the problems that beginners often encounter based on previous personal work experience and experience, hoping to play a role.
First, the knowledge of characters
Text is a written symbol used to record and convey language.
The characters used in printing can be divided into words, fonts, font sizes, and the like.
1, font
In the domestic printing industry, there are several types of characters, such as Chinese characters, foreign characters, and ethnic characters. Chinese characters include Song, Carcass, Black, and so on. The external text can be divided into white body and black body according to the rough division of the word, or divided into a normal body, an italic body, a flower body and the like according to the shape. Ethnic characters refer to the texts used by some ethnic minorities, such as Mongolian, Tibetan, Uighur, and Korean.
Song style: Song style is one of the most widely used fonts in the printing industry. According to the shape of the word, it is divided into the book Song and the newspaper Song. Song body is a kind of printed font that originated from the printing of the Song Dynasty. The font of the Song style is square and straight, the strokes are horizontal and vertical, the horizontal and vertical are thick and thick, the edges and corners are distinct, the structure is rigorous, uniform and uniform, and there is a strong regularity of strokes, so that people have a comfortable and eye-catching feeling when reading. In modern printing, it is mainly used in the body part of books or newspapers.
Carcass: Carcass, also known as living body, is a kind of font that imitates handwriting habits. The strokes are quite uniform and the characters are correct. They are widely used in student textbooks, popular books, and annotations.
Blackbody: Blackface is also called a square or isometric body. It is a thick and bold font with a literal shape. The font is dignified, the strokes are horizontal and vertical, the handwriting is all the same thickness, and the structure is conspicuous. Blackbody is suitable for headlines or eye-catching phrases or comments that require attention. Because the font is too thick, it is not suitable for printing the body part.
The imitation of the Song dynasty: the imitation of the Song dynasty is a kind of relatively delicate and straightforward font with the Song dynasty structure and the strokes of the script. The strokes are uniform in thickness, often used for typographic subtitles, poetry essays, annotations, citations, etc., and are also used to print texts in some readings. section.
Art body: Art body refers to some unusual special printing fonts, which are generally used to beautify the layout. The strokes and structures of the art body are generally visualized. They are often used in the title part of the book cover or on the layout. Applicable, it can effectively enhance the taste of the printed art. There are a wide variety of such fonts, such as fonts in the fonts of Han Ding and Wending. [next]
2, font size
The font size is a measure of the size of the text. The international standard is the point system. In the country, the number system is the main one, and the point system is supplemented. The number system adopts several types of movable characters that are not multiples of each other as the standard. According to the conversion relationship of double or minus half, the system can be divided into a four-word system, a fifth-word system, and a sixth-word system. The smaller the nominal number of the font size, the larger the font size, such as the fourth character is larger than the fifth character, and the fifth character is larger than the sixth character.
The point system, also known as the pound system (P), is a measure of the "point" value of the shape of the word. According to the printing industry standard, the size of each point value of the font size is equal to 0.35mm, and the error must not exceed 0.005mm. If the fifth word is changed to the point system, it is equal to 10.5 points, which is 3.675mm. The external text is all calculated by points. The size of each point is about 1/72 inch, which is equal to 0.35146mm.
The size of the font size, in addition to the number system and the dot system, is the size of the traditional photoscript. Then in mm, it is called "level (J or K)". Each level is equal to 0.25 mm and 1 mm is equal to level 4. The size of the text can be discharged from 7 to 62, and from 7 to 100. In the computer photo system, there is a system of numbers. In the case of printing typesetting, if you encounter a character marked with a number, you must convert the value of the number into a series to master the correct size of the character. The conversion relationship between the number and the series is:
1J = 1K = 0.25mm = 0.714 points (P)
1 point (P) = 0.35 mm = 1.4 (J or K)
3, layout design and layout specifications
The layout should be designed according to the requirements of the printing layout. For example, the printing of a book, you need to pay attention to the size of the book, the type of layout (horizontal or vertical), the font size of the text, the number of lines per page and the number of words per line, words and words and lines and lines The gap between the page, the number of columns in the page and the number of words in each column, the spacing between the columns and columns, the placement of the page number and page number, the position and size of the header and footer.
When doing text layout, you should also pay attention to some prohibition rules, such as two words at the beginning of each paragraph, you can not line the period, comma, comma, semicolon, colon, question mark, exclamation point, and Punctuation marks, quotation marks, lower book names, etc., can not be placed at the end of the line with the quotation marks, upper brackets, the name of the book and the serial number in Chinese, such as 123, the score in the number, the year, the chemical formula, the sign before the number, Temperature identifiers, as well as monosyllabic foreign words, should not be placed in the upper and lower lines. [next]
Second, paper
Paper is one of the important things that prepress workers need to pay attention to, and it determines the great range of printed products.
1, the composition of the paper
Paper is a material that is processed from plant fibers by adding fillers, rubber compounds, colorants and other ingredients.
The raw materials that make up the paper are mainly straw, bamboo, cotton, and available waste. The nature of the paper formed will vary depending on the material.
Fillers are materials used to increase the flexibility of the paper, reduce the transparency and stretchability of the paper, and make the surface of the paper flat and even, such as talc for general printing paper, kaolin for high grade paper, and barium sulfate. The filler should be used in an appropriate amount, generally about 20% of the paper. Too much will reduce the resistance and flexibility of the wire, and will hinder the absorption of the ink, which will cause the powder to fall out during printing.
The rubber compound is used to fill small pores in the paper to improve the water resistance of the paper, and also to improve the gloss and strength of the paper and to prevent the paper from fluffing. Commonly used rubber compounds are rosin, alum, starch and the like.
The coloring material is used to enhance the color purity of the paper, and most of them use inorganic pigments or organic dyes. [next]
2, paper specifications
Paper can be divided into flat paper and web according to different printing purposes. Flat paper is suitable for general printing presses, and web is generally used for high speed rotary presses.
The size of the paper is generally produced in accordance with national standards. The paper base size for printing, writing and drawing is: roll paper width is divided into 1575mm, 1092mm, 880mm, 787mm; the base paper size of flat paper is divided into: 880mm × 1230mm, 850mm × 1168mm, 880mm × 1092mm, 787mm Six kinds of ×1092mm, 787mm × 960mm, 690mm × 960mm.
The book magazine and the standard of the paper size, the national regulations are 880mm × 1230mm, 900mm × 1280mm, 1000mm × 1400mm uncut single-size printing. Due to equipment, production, supply and other reasons, the original 787mm × 1092mm, 850mm × 1168mm paper size can still be used, but it should be noted that this size is the old standard version to be phased out, the future paper size will be New national standards transition.
In the coastal areas, because of the numerous foreign printing companies, many printing agencies are still using some old papers widely. The weight of paper is expressed in terms of weight and weight. Generally speaking, it is expressed in terms of quantity, which is what we call the “gravityâ€. Quantification refers to the mass relationship of the unit area of ​​paper, expressed in g/m 2 . For example, 150 g of paper means that the weight of the sheet per square meter of the paper is 150 g. Paper having a paper weight of 200 g/m 2 or less (containing 200 g/m 2 ) is referred to as "paper", and paper having a weight exceeding 200 g/m 2 is referred to as "cardboard". The weight is the total mass of paper per order (500 sheets of paper), and the unit is calculated in kg (kg). Depending on the basis weight and the size of the paper, the weight can be calculated using the formula of weight (kg) = paper web (m 2 ) × 500 × quantitative (g/m 2 ).
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