The healing of fractures takes a long time, and functional exercise is an important measure to accelerate recovery and shorten the course of the disease. The purpose of functional exercise is to restore the muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules and other soft tissues of the affected limbs as soon as possible without affecting the fixation, and prevent complications such as muscle wasting, osteoporosis, tendons, and joint stiffness. In order to better perform functional exercise, it is necessary to give full play to the patient's subjective initiative.
(I) Early ( 1-2 weeks after injury , fracture in the inflammatory phase)
The role of functional exercise is to promote blood circulation, swelling, regression, reduce muscle atrophy, prevent joint adhesion, stiffness, and promote the normal development of fracture healing process.
1 . Exercise principle
The limbs drive the affected limbs, from less to more time, from short to long time, and the activity range from small to large, with the principle that the affected part is not painful.
2 . Exercise method
( 1 ) Active exercise: muscle contraction of affected limbs, such as upper body fists, jibs, shoulder movements; ankle dorsiflexion; quadriceps contraction, relaxation, etc. The upper and lower joints of the fracture are temporarily inactive. The active exercise was performed 3 days after the fixation was reset .
( 2 ) Passive exercise: If the muscles in the affected area are unable to move independently, massages (which should be light) can be used to help the joints with small movements.
(B) Mid-term ( 4-8 weeks after fracture )
This is a critical period for physical rehabilitation. The purpose of physical therapy is to strengthen the new deafness, prevent complications such as muscle atrophy, and maximally restore the range of joint motion and normal function.
1 . Exercise principle
Slow movement, range of activities from small to large, joints gradually move up and down the fracture.
2 . Exercise method
( 1 ) Active movement: active movement in all directions of affected joints, with no increase in pain, amplitude, gradual repetition of each movement, multiple exercises per day.
( 2 ) Power-assisted exercises: Exercise can be performed with the help of a health-giving limb or device. The motion is gentle, and the direction and range of motion are all consistent with the anatomical function.
( 3 ) Massage: The method should be heavy, 1-2 times a day.
( 4 ) Occupational therapy: Clay, plastic surgery, stepping on the sewing machine and other technological activities.
(c) Late ( 8-12 weeks after fracture )
The fracture has clinically healed and the fixation has been released, but the limb function has not recovered completely. The purpose of exercise is to restore the function and strength of the wound as soon as possible so that it can be reintegrated into society as soon as possible. This is the main period of sports rehabilitation.
1 . Exercise principle
Emphasizing the maximum recovery of sports and functions will help athletes return to the sports field as soon as possible.
2 . Exercise method
( 1 ) Action exercises: Upper limbs are used for gripping, grasping, lifting and other movements; lower limbs are used for walking exercises, such as three-step method and four-step method.
( 2 ) Weight training: grasping objects, holding and supporting objects.
( 3 ) Water sports: both exercise and spa.
( 4 ) Constant-speed muscle training: Those with conditions can train affected muscles on a constant-speed training device so that the patient can receive the most effective, safe, and accurate strength training, understand their own situation in time, and strengthen their recovery confidence.
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