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A recent study published in the journal Nature, scientists from institutions such as Rockefeller University found that gut bacteria and human cells even speak the same language. The commonality of this new discovery opens the door to transforming the intestinal flora that has therapeutic benefits for the disease.
Humans have a symbiotic relationship with the trillions of bacteria that live in us: they help us, and we help them. On August 30th, published in a breakthrough in Nature magazine (Commensal bacteria make GPCR ligands that mimic human signalling molecules), scientists from Rockefeller University and other institutions found that these bacteria and human cells even say The same language. The commonality of this new discovery opens the door to transforming the intestinal flora that has therapeutic benefits for the disease.
Specifically, this study found that, although different in many respects, gut bacteria are essentially the same chemical language as human cells. These same languages ​​are based on a molecule called a ligand. Based on these findings, scientists have developed a method of genetically engineering bacteria that produces molecules that have therapeutic potential for certain diseases by modulating human metabolism. In a mouse test, the introduction of this modified version of enteric bacteria resulted in a decrease in blood glucose levels as well as other metabolic changes.
It is reported that this method involves the lock-and-key relationship of ligands. Such molecules can bind to receptors on human cell membranes to produce specific biological effects. Under this mechanism, molecules derived from bacteria mimic human ligands that bind to G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).
Dr. Sean Brady
Dr. Sean Brady, co-author of the study, said: "Many GPCRs are associated with metabolic diseases and are the most common drug targets. They are easily found in the digestive tract. Intestinal bacteria are also found here."
In this study, scientists engineered intestinal bacteria to produce a specific ligand called N-acyl amides. N-acyl amides bind to a specific human receptor, GPR 119. The receptor is involved in the regulation of glucose and appetite and was previously used as a therapeutic target for diabetes and obesity. Louis J. Cohen, the first author of the study, said that the bacterial ligands they created were almost identical in structure to human ligands.
Dr. Brady believes that the biggest change in this field in the past 20 years is that the scientific community recognizes that our relationship with these bacteria is not hostile. He said: "This research is only the first step in our investigation of the molecular function of bacteria. Our plan is to systematically study the mechanisms used by intestinal bacteria to communicate with us."
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