China's glass packaging industry can be divided into the following stages:
1. After the founding of New China to the 1960s, China's glass packaging container industry began to take off. During the first five-year plan period, Beijing Glass Factory introduced a full set of glass production technology and equipment from Germany and built Asia’s largest technology glass factory at that time. Subsequently, a large-scale bottle and glass factory such as the Guangdong Glass Factory, the Beijing Second Glass Factory, and the Xiangtan Glass Factory were newly established. And the introduction of the United States Emhart Corporation and the former Soviet Union's bottleneck-type bottlers, and gradually realized the continuous production. Not only doubled the production capacity, but also introduced gas furnaces, small tank furnace technology, and automatic determinant bottle machines, which provided a model for China's glass packaging container equipment technology, and basically formed the embryonic form of China's glass packaging container industry. The output of glass packaging containers also increased from 100,000 tons in 1952 to 414,000 tons in 1965.
2. From the late 1960s to the early 1970s, the former Shandong Light Industry Machinery Plant (now Shandong Sanjin Glass Machinery Group Co., Ltd.) successfully manufactured a prototype automatic bottle-making machine and supporting feeders, and at the same time used large-scale clay for glass tank furnaces. The successful manufacture of bricks has promoted the development of the glass packaging container industry. By 1976, the output of glass packaging containers exceeded the one million tons mark, and a complete factory has been exported to foreign countries.
3. Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee to the late 1980s, with the reform and opening up, the domestic demand for glass packaging containers has grown substantially. The glass packaging container industry introduced new technologies, new equipment, and new materials, which greatly promoted the improvement of the domestic equipment and refractories. The expansion of the glass packaging container factory combined with the expansion of the factory has led to the continuous adoption of advanced technologies and equipment, which has enabled China’s glass packaging containers to take a giant step forward in the energy saving, production equipment and control of kiln furnaces, and started to build the entire line. Large glass bottle factory. The equipment level of advanced enterprises is close to the international level. The production capacity of large-scale glass kilns reaches 200 tons per day, the production of 640 milliliters of beer bottles by molding machines can reach 140 points per minute, and the energy consumption drops below 120 kilograms per ton of glass liquid.
4. In the 1990s, enterprises entered the market economy in an all-round way. The glass packaging container industry is also facing the situation of structural adjustment and restructuring, forming a group of enterprise groups. Due to the intervention of foreign large groups, a group of high-level joint ventures and wholly-owned enterprises have been established.
5. After a large-scale reform of the enterprise system, the restructuring, reorganization, and transformation of enterprises have basically been completed, and state-owned capital has basically withdrawn from competition. Although some private enterprises set up factories relatively late, they have a high starting point, extensively absorb technical talents, operate flexibly and develop rapidly. The degree of intensification of production and the regional concentration of production enterprises have increased.
At present, the overall economic performance of the industry is good, and the development speed has been greatly improved. This was primarily due to the large-scale reforms of the entire industry system in previous years, as well as the diversification of investment entities and the diversity of financing channels, which laid the foundation for the development of the industry; followed by the government’s policy of expanding domestic demand and encouraging consumption, and the downstream The strong development of the industry and the strong market demand and the pull of export growth; The third is the increase in technological transformation and investment in fixed assets.
II. Achievements and Problems
1. achievement
Since the reform and opening up, the glass packaging container industry has developed rapidly and continuously. In 1997, the output of glass packaging containers increased by 4.26% over 1.37 million tons in 1978, with an average annual increase of 8.66%; in 2004, it increased by 33.96% over 1999, and the average annual growth rate was 6.02%; the increasing rate slowed down.
Product varieties increased significantly. The glass packaging container basically meets the needs of domestic product packaging such as alcohol, beverage, and medicine. In particular, bottles of beer, beverages, and wine produced by foreign-funded enterprises can be supplied domestically. The lightweighting of bottles and cans has also achieved great results. The 640 ml beer bottle has been reduced from 550 g to 480 g. The 330 ml beer bottle produced by small mouth pressure blowing can be reduced to 162 g.
-- The rapid growth of investment in fixed assets and a significant increase in production capacity. In 1997, glass packaging containers had 110.30 billion yuan in fixed assets, and the production capacity of glass packaging containers was 10.3006 million tons.
The technical progress is remarkable. With the introduction of advanced technologies and equipment, the level of electromechanical integration of domestic machinery and the energy-saving technology of kilns have been continuously improved. With the improvement of the furnace control level, the melting area of ​​the largest regenerator horseshoe flame kiln in China exceeds 100 square meters, and the melting rate reaches 3 tons/square meter per day; the multi-channel regenerator of the deep clarification tank glass furnace Glass furnaces and computer kiln control technology, electric fluxing, and all-electric furnaces, and other energy-saving kiln furnaces have greatly reduced the energy consumption of molten glass. The advanced coal-fired bottle and tank furnace consumes less than 250kg of standard coal and the consumption of heavy oil is less than 120kg. At the same time, the variety of refractory materials used in glass melting furnaces has increased and quality has increased. The fused zirconia corundum bricks, magnesia, siliceous, high-aluminum, clay-based refractories and various heat-insulating materials produced by oxidation method can basically meet the needs of domestic glass melting furnaces. The automatic molding machinery for glass products provides high quality and efficient production equipment for the production of various glass products. The domestically-made serial bottle machine has already achieved eight groups of double drops and can realize electronic timing control. Electronic control technology has been used in the control of production and production management. Some companies have used electronic weighing, computer-controlled automatic batching workshops, and are equipped with atomic absorption spectrometry to analyze components quickly, which has played a positive role in stabilizing production processes and improving product quality. The electronic timing system of the bottle-type bottle-making machine is not only used on double-drop feeders with six or more groups of machines, but also on six-group and eight-group single-drop machines. CAD-aided design shortens the cycle of product modeling and mold design, creating conditions for product innovation.
The enterprise structure began to adjust and a group of enterprise groups was formed. The strength of the enterprise has increased, and the scale of the enterprise has also expanded accordingly. The largest glass packaging container manufacturer in China has reached an annual production capacity of 450,000 tons.
2. gap
Although the glass packaging container industry has made great achievements, compared with the international advanced level, compared with other domestic industries, there is still a gap. The economic benefits of the entire industry are uneven, and there are still some companies that lack the stamina for their development. The reason for this is that the structural contradictions are still outstanding. The outstanding performance is the slow pace of new product development and the lack of new products that are competitive in the domestic and foreign markets and meet market demands. The second is that the technological innovation system of enterprises is backward, the investment in science and technology development is relatively low, and the senior professional and technical personnel are relatively scarce. Many companies still rely too much on resources and labor advantages, which restricts the technological advancement and new product development of corporate research. Third, the level of enterprise management needs to be improved, diversification of investment entities and corporate governance structure still need to be further improved. At present, SMEs still have the problem of weak profitability.
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